The Growing Role of Cyber Diplomacy in Managing Digital Conflicts

In recent years, the landscape of offensive cyber operations (OCO) has undergone a significant transformation. While previously these operations primarily focused on espionage, we now witness an alarming trend: increasingly attacks target critical infrastructure or are components of hybrid disinformation campaigns

Although these operations typically remain below the threshold of armed conflict, they carry significant risks of escalation, particularly in already volatile regions. While completely restricting these operations—as we do with conventional warfare, which is illegal under international law—may be unrealistic, addressing their implications has become crucial.

From Technical Response to Diplomatic Action

Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) are often the first line of defense against cyber operations. While these teams excel at technical remediation and maintain valuable peer networks, their scope is limited when it comes to addressing the underlying geopolitical issues. This is where modern diplomacy plays a vital role.

Traditional diplomatic approaches, though effective in conventional conflicts, often move too slowly for the rapid pace of cyber incidents. In response, many nations have begun investing in specialized cyber diplomacy—appointing diplomats who work closely with technical experts to address cyber operations beyond their technical aspects.

Building Bridges Between Technical and Diplomatic Communities

This new frontier of cyber diplomacy presents unique challenges, requiring both technical and diplomatic professionals to step outside their comfort zones. While diplomats typically lack technical expertise, IT professionals are often unfamiliar with diplomatic protocols and practices.

Progress is being made, for example, through scenario-based discussions, which provide a neutral environment for learning and collaboration without attributing blame or training sessions for aspiring cyber diplomats. FIRST members, including Mona Østvang and Serge Droz, are actively involved in advancing these initiatives.

Get Involved

For those interested in contributing to this emerging field, consider joining the new Policy Special Interest Group (SIG), where you can participate in shaping the future of cyber diplomacy.

Published on FIRST POST: Oct-Dec 2024